Does the internal planking follow the same rules as external planking or can I take a few liberties.
Not the same rules like for external planking - the internal planking had not be watertight
I'm assuming there is no caulking internally?
Correct - no caulking
How about tapering a plank to a point?
I do not think, that usually pointed ends of planks were made - but not because of rod, only because of stability - a point can not be fixed to a frame
For stability of the hull structure they installed the so called thick stuff planks or clamps - they had to be correctly installed from the bow (keel) towards the stern. These were important to work against torsion of the hull and other forces (marked with red)
all other internal planking were only to cover the frames to have a surface for storage etc.
Often the internal planking was not complete, so sometimes one row was left, so the carpenter was able to inspect the frames and outer planking - in bigger ships there was a carpenters walk in the height of the waterline where the planking was missing.
There are contemporary drawings existing showing the internal planking
f.e.
Unnamed 100-gun First Rates; Queen Charlotte (1810)
Scale: 1:48. Plan showing the internal planking expansion for unnamed 100-gun First Rates, and Queen Charlotte (1810), a 100-gun First Rate, three-decker, building at Deptford Dockyard. The Queen Charlotte was the only 100-gun First Rate being built at Deptford Dockyard during this period.
www.rmg.co.uk
or
Podargus (1808)
Scale: 1:48. Plan showing the internal planking profile (expansion) for Podargus (1808), a 14-gun Brig.
Date: NMM, Progress Book, volume 7, folio 205, states that 'Podargus' was fitted at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1808, repaired at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1809, and had defects repaired at Plymouth Dockyard in 1810.
www.rmg.co.uk